Abnormal Psychology-Unipolar and Bipolar Depression Essay

Abnormal Psychology | Unipolar and Bipolar Depression | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Shawn M Best 10/16/2011 | Identifying the causes of unipolar and bipolar depression can be a complicated task because there are no known exact causes, just theories. These theories include chemical and hormonal imbalances within the brain, a misfiring of ion activity, and inherited genetics or biological abnormalities (Comer, 2005). Individuals who suffer with unipolar depression, which is the ordinary template of mood disorders, experience only the depression side of the disorder. Women are twice as probable to encounter unipolar depression then men. Depression symptoms stretch across five features of human functioning such as†¦show more content†¦Behaviorally, individuals experience diminished productivity, activity, move and speak slower, and would rather be in bed and alone for long periods (Kraines amp; Thatford, 1972, p. 21, cited by Comer, 2005). In accordance with biological views, minimal operation of neurotransmitters called serotonin and norepinephrine, are agents of depression. Hormonal elements may also be involved, and the biological issues mentioned could be combined with genetic factors. Efficacious biological management for unipolar depression are electroconvulsive therapy (ECI) and antidepressant drugs such as MAO inhibitors, tricyclics, and second generation antidepressants (Comer, 2005). The psychodynamic aspect holds the belief that particular individual’s who experience authentic or conceived losses could backslide to earlier phases of development, melding with the individual he or she lost, and finally becoming dejected. Psychodynamic therapists assist individuals with unipolar depression by helping him or her identify, and clarify, his or her losses, and stratospheric reliance on other people (Comer, 2005). The behavioral aspect explains that when individuals endure a diminished amount of positive rewards throughout life, he or she may become depressed. Behavioral therapists teach patients to reestablishes activities that he or she once found pleasing and gratifying, effective social skills, and to rewardShow MoreRelatedThe Anxiety Of Depression And Depression1457 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorders such as depression or mania (Comer, 2011, p. 193). Depression is a sad, low state where life seems dark and overwhelming (Comer, 2011, p. 193). Mania is a state of frenzied energy or breathless euphoria where a person may have an exaggerated belief that the world is theirs for the taking (Comer, 2011, p. 193). Mania and depression are the two key emotions in mood disorders and most people who have one usually only suffer from depression, which is called unipolar depression (Comer, 2011, pRead MoreDepression Paper1107 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment: Depression Paper Stress and situational depression are seen as just a part of life. As people grow and experience life they encounter events that trigger stress and signs of depression. These events can include changes in the professional world, death, and academics. Changes in mood such as these are temporary, and are pretty common. Aside from these normal occurrences actual depression, or clinical depression, is seen in 1 in 10 Americans. Clinical depression is a mental illnessRead MoreDifferences Between Disorders1129 Words   |  5 Pages1. Distinguish between bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, dysthymic disorder, and cyclothymic disorder using DSM-5 criteria. (485) Before answering the question let’s see what each term means. Bipolar disorder is a disorder that is marked by alternating or intermixed periods of mania and depression (Comer, 2013, pp.224). Unipolar depression is depression without history of mania (Comer, 2013, pp.224). Dysthymic disorder are mood disorder that are similar to but not as long lasting and less disablingRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1161 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many branches in the world of psychology. There is the behavior psychology, also known as behaviorism, a leading theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Cognitive psychology, the branch of psychology that focuses on internal states, such as motivation, problem solving, decision making, thinking and attention. Development psychology, the branch that looks at development throughout the lifespan, from childhood to adulthood. Out of the manyRead MorePsy 270 Week 4: Assignmen t: Depression Paper1774 Words   |  8 PagesDepression Paper Mark Miles Psy/270 4/3/2011 Ratonya Bennett Depression Paper Unipolar and Bipolar Disorder Many people go through a normal day and have their emotions fluctuate due to some sort of stimuli. It is quite normal for people to feel emotions like depression or elation because of certain situations or circumstances. It is when moods like depression or mania that affect people for a longer than normal period of time or when they constantly fluctuate between depression andRead MoreAbnormal Psychology - Mood Disorders4501 Words   |  19 PagesABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY: MOOD DISORDERS A mood disorder is the term given for a group of diagnoses in the DSM IV TR classification system where a disturbance in the person s emotional mood is hypothesised to be the main underlying feature. The classification is known as mood (affective) disorders in ICD 10. English psychiatrist Henry Maudsley proposed an overarching category of affective disorder. The term was then replaced by mood disorder, as the latter term refers to the underlying or longitudinalRead MoreBiography Of Emil Kraepelin s Theory Of Psychiatric Psychology1708 Words   |  7 PagesHe learned experimental methodology under his guidance and some of his works came directly from Wundtian psychology. This paper will discuss some of his greatest discoveries such as his establishment in clinical observation. As well as the importance that Emil Kraepelin had on the taxonomy of psychiatric disorders and how his idea for this came about. It will also review his findings on bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Kraepelin also founded some ideas on what later on came to be known as Alzheimer’sRead More Bipolar Disorder and the Creative Genius Essay2300 Words   |  10 PagesBipolar Disorder and the Creative Genius Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a psychopathology that affects approximately 1% of the population. (1) Unlike unipolar disorder, also known as major affective disorder or depression, bipolar disorder is characterized by vacillating between periods of elation (either mania or hypomania) and depression. (1, 2) Bipolar disorder is also not an illness that remedies itself over time; people affected with manic depression are manic-depressivesRead MorePsychological Disorders/Suicide769 Words   |  4 Pagespersonality, eating disorders, mood disorders, and in this case depression disorders. The rate of depression is higher among poor people than wealthier people The majority of people who have mood disorders mostly suffer from depression and this is known as unipolar depression. The patients have never had incidents of mania and the mood returns back to normal when depression ceases, those who suffer from mania it’s known as bipolar disorder. (Comer, 1992).   Black box warning TheRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1799 Words   |  8 PagesBipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks (National Institutes of Health, Bipolar Disorder). Bipolar disorder symptoms can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide (National Institutes of Health, Bipolar Disorder). Doctors diagnose bipolar disorder using guidelines from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

Observation Reflective Observation Report - 1582 Words

Observations Each morning I wake up at approximately six o’clock and start to get ready. I start to wonder how I am going to represent myself for the day. I have to keep in mind that I am going to a middle school/ high school. Therefore, I decide on how I am going to dress for the day. In order to do that I have to look the part and dress professionally. I also start to think about how my day is going to play out and what I need to prepare myself for. When I arrive at the school on Monday at seven forty-five I sign in and then proceed to meet the teacher I am observing for in the hallway. We walk down to the first classroom which is the social studies room. The classroom has more boys than girls in the classroom. There are about†¦show more content†¦In the resource room for second period where Mrs. T is the teacher and not the aid she lets the students pick which assignment they want to work on so they are ahead for their next class. She will sometimes put on music wh en they do their work, she walks around to help them and answer any questions as well. I would say it is a student-centered setting. In Mr. Backus science class, it is strictly teacher centered he is not flexible what so ever, He wants things done his way and he will sometimes say it over and over till it’s through every student’s head. The teaching philosophy for the history classroom is you must do the study work sheet or make flash cards for the test and the student will get an extra point on the test. The teacher also has the students work with there, â€Å"shoulder partner† which is basically the classmate sitting next to them to help prepare for the test. There is no exact way that Mrs. T has a philosophy in her classroom since it is so student centered. The only thing that could be it is she lets them mostly do what they want. The same goes for Mr. Backus because he doesn’t really make it too enjoyable for the students unless he cracks a joke As I watch each of the students I see how everyone is different and unique in their own way. There are some children who are more laid back, some that think they are a hot shot and then others who tend to put themselves into the craziness. There is a boy in the classroom whoShow MoreRelatedReflective Writing1241 Words   |  5 PagesHow do I . . . Write a Reflection? Why reflective writing? Reflection offers you the opportunity to consider how your personal experiences and observations shape your thinking and your acceptance of new ideas. Professors often ask students to write reading reflections. They do this to encourage you to explore your own ideas about a text, to express your opinion rather than summarise the opinions of others. Reflective writing can help you to improve your analytical skills because it requiresRead MoreMartin Kolb s Theory Of Learning856 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican theorist David Kolb developed his concept of learning in 1984. He created a cycle containing four key stages: Concrete Experience, Reflective Observation, Abstract Conceptualism and Active Experimentation. He believed â€Å"Learning is the process whereby knowledge is create through experience† [Kolb, D. (1984)], therefore accepting that you must learn from your mistakes and progress in order to acquire full understanding of what you are studying. The first stage - ‘Concrete Experience’, is generallyRead MoreHow Conflict Management Tools in Venture Creation Programs Affects Motivation, Learning Experience and Overall Performance in the Venture Team1015 Words   |  4 Pagesin a reflective and reflexive observation journal. This journal has shaped the base of the study. The ground theory has been used to extract most relevant data for the study. About 25 pages of A4 journal entries were evaluated and listed in a theory sensitive manner and all data was coded and divided into different categories. Theoretical framework of this study was shaped according to highlighted categories in this journal. This method has the advantage of covering most important observations basedRead MoreSimulation Of Nursing Education : A Literature Review1712 Words   |  7 Pageslearn through hands on experience integrating critical thinking and adaptation rather than strictly learning based on content delivery as it is often the case in the classroom. (Brown Bostic, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to review and report on how Kolb’s Learning Theory is integrated into simulation education within the field of nursing. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory Kolb’s experiential learning theory states that experiential learning emphasizes the central role thatRead MoreNational Youth Sports Program Evaluation Paper1269 Words   |  6 Pagesderived from the NYSP program. Type of Evaluation NYSP was evaluated using three methods. These methods included site observation, reflective questions, and pre and post program surveys. Site Observation The observations provided information about how the program was being implemented, what the activities looked like in practice, and how youth were engaged in the activities. Reflective Questions Participants were asked to reflect on their NYSP experiences. The participants answered questions regardingRead MoreNokia 808 Pureview1358 Words   |  6 PagesVIRTUAL UNIVERSITY OF PAKISTAN Format of  Internship Report – (MCMI619) [pic] 1. Title Page The title page of the report will include:    a. Name of the organization b. Name of the internee, Student ID and session c. Submission date of the internship report d. Name of the University e. VU logo 2. Letter of Undertaking You are required to fill in the Letter of Undertaking provided in the ‘Download’ section of the course VULMS and attach here the scanned copy after signingRead MoreInterdisciplinary Early Childhood Education Standard II Rationale for IECE KTS II789 Words   |  3 Pagesoutdoor floor plan for an inclusive environment. The report explains the principles and context for preparation of the learning environment to maximize the opportunities for full inclusion. The second component is a research-based Three-Tiered approach for Addressing Challenging Behavior. It includes strategies to prevent challenging behavior, support social-emotional competencies, and address chronic patterns of misbehavior. I also included a reflective analysis that connects my thoughts and practicesRead MoreReflection: Health Care Assistant805 Words   |  4 PagesREFLECTIVE PRACTICE Reflective assignment 2 Introduction The purpose of this essay is to reflect on my personal role in the inter-professional team and the delivery of healthcare that I have encountered during my duty as a health care assistant in one of the hospitals here in England. In accordance with the NMC (2002) Code of professional conduct, confidentiality shall be maintained and all names have been changed to protect identity. The purpose of reflection as stated by Johns (1995) isRead MoreLab Report1029 Words   |  5 PagesLab report As part of my module Nip1002 I was required to perform a set of observational skills which included; pulse, blood pressure, respirations, hand washing and urinalysis and then compare them to previous results. In this lab report I am going to discuss blood pressure in detail. Procedure * Explain the procedure to the patient and gain consent * Wash hands thoroughly following the hand wash technique to prevent the transfer of bacteria * Clean equipment e.g. blood pressure cuffRead MoreQualitative Research And Its Approaches Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesAssam. Why: the reason for our study. Why is the study of women traditions important? Why it needs in depth research? How: how to get this data. This basically refers to the sources we might be using to get the data, whether it will be participant observation or interviewing or it can only be based on secondary data. STEP 4: COMPOSING THE INITIAL RESEARCH QUESTION OR HYPOTHESIS After examining the; who, what, when, where, why and how one should compose the initial research question. This research question

Gender And Crime Sexual Assault

Question: Discuss about theGender And Crime for Sexual Assault. Answer: Introduction The individuals who do not have proper control over their mind and body are considered to be indulged in unlawful or illegal attitudes(Burton, et al., 1998). However, there is a great variation in the percentage involvement of men and women in various types of crime. It is the well maintained criteria of the society about males that they should earn money for the welfare of the family and females should take care of the family. This is the basic reason why the rate of females involving in criminal activities is less. In all the countries, the percentage of women involving in various crimes is considered to be less than the percentage of men committing crimes. This distinction is equally similar for all the countries and for all the racial groups and cultural communities(Net Industries, 2016). Particularly in Australia, the rate of offending has increased by 2% till 2015 and it is continuously increasing(abs, 2016). The rate of percentage of wrongdoers involved in kidnappings and hara ssment is the maximum out of the total number of offences occurring every year. The rate of sexual assault of women in Australia is twice the rate of sexual assault all over the world. According to the report of NSW Rape Crisis Centre, Australian women above the age of 15 years are victims of rape and sexual assault. The report of Australian Institute of Family Studies mentioned that sexual violence is the most prevalent crime over there and it involves child sexual abuse, sexual exploitation and sexual assault but such crimes are not reported due to various reasons(Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2016). The attitudes and perceptions of the society believe in justifying such acts especially in case of females. The Australian Bureau of Statistics reported that sexual assault is a major offence and is approximately nine percent of the total violent criminal acts(Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1998). The main victims are the females in cases of sexual assault and the offenders are mainly the males all over the World. Taking into consideration all these fa cts, it is obvious that the rate of women victimization is much more in comparison to males in case of sexual assault. However, males can also be the victims of sexual assault but few of them report it to the police. In Victoria, evidences from help line services for crime victims advocate that a huge proportion of men are the victim of sexual assault. Out of approximately 40% male victims of sexual assault who call on help line numbers, only 6 to 7% complaint it to the police( Victoria Police Service, 1992). Discussion In Psychology, distinction between mental status of men and women committing crime varies according to the general criteria of the society about men and women. It is a fact that the individual committing crimes of any degree are mentally ill but there are various other reasons also due to which some individuals tend to commit crime such as poverty, lack of education, lack of adequate facilities, as well as improper guidance. The involvement of females in criminal behaviors is more likely to be due to the mental, physical, or sexual harassment during a phase of their life but the rate of their involvement is still lower in comparison to males except in prostitution. There are various categories of crimes in which the ratio of males and females remain approximately same such as in frauds, theft, shoplifting etc. Due to increase in population, expenses, lack of financial resources and education, the rate of crime is increasing day by day. Differences in the Types of Crimes Committed by Men and Women There is a distinction between the types of crimes committed by males and females. In Victoria, Queensland, and South Australia in the year 2009-10, out of total crimes occurred, 75% were conducted by the males only and the percentage of females was 25%(Australian Institute of Criminology, 2012). Trends of total number of offences occurring show similar patterns for both the genders(Australian Institute of Criminology, 2001). The representation of females has been low in the categories of serious crimes. Including prostitution, females get involved in minor category of crimes such as fraud, larceny-theft, and cheatings. The rate of percentage of women indulging in such activities is increasing day by day. The crime of shoplifting is the most common criminal activity which comes under the category of thefts and frauds. Fraudulent acts done by women include forgery and frauds. Such kind of illegal acts attuned with the traditional roles of the women as consumers. The opinion about the trends of crimes regarding the proportion of males and females vary from person to person. In case of minor crimes such as in property related crimes, the percentage of females participating in crimes is continuously increasing since 1960s. Females are found to be involved in substance abuse related crimes also but their percentage remains low and consistent. The National Crime Victimization Survey reported that females are less involved in severe offences and cause less destruction to the society in the form of less monetary loss. Moreover, there are very less chances of them becoming a repeat offenders and are less likely to be indulging in the criminal activities for long duration in comparison to males. On the other hand, males are more aggressive in nature and are more likely to be involved in serious and violent crimes. Males are more likely to be involved in criminal gangs and doing violent crimes such as murder, kidnappings, hijacks etc. In such crimes, men play the lead characters and females usually assist them in such activities. Although the rate of crime is equally similar for males and females but the involvement of men and women in variety of crimes is different. Differences in Males and Females Committing Sexual Assaults Sexual assault is the most prevalent crime in the category of violent crimes in Australia. The survey which is conducted by the Personal Safety Survey determines the nature and extent of the physical as well as mental harassment experienced by the males and females due to sexual assault since 15 years of age. It also measures the impact of such acts over the victims and actions taken by them subsequent to such actions. According to one of the Surveys conducted in Australia in 2011, out of total reported crimes of sexual assault, 85% were reported by females. In 2012, the highest rate of sexual assault was reported in New South Wales, out of which maximum victims were women(CASA Forum, 2016). Data collected by ABS in 2005 shows that one in every six women and one in every twenty men becomes victims of sexual assault since the age of fifteen years. The report shows that the percentage of women victims is far more than the percentage of men victims of sexual assault. It also depicts tha t chief offenders are men in sexual assault cases and major victims are women. In majority of the cases of sexual assault, men are more likely to be victimized by their known while females are more likely to be assaulted by their known(Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006). Conclusion Sexual assault is the most common crime in category of violent crimes in Australia. There are various other crimes also which affects the society and these crimes can easily be differentiated according to their nature and extent whether they are more likely to be committed by men or women. In overall crime rate, the trends are similar in males and females but there is specification in the category-wise distribution of criminal activities among them. Males are more likely to be active and leading in violent and aggressive acts while females are more likely to be involved in minor category of less violent crimes. References Victoria Police Service, 1992. Code of Practice for Sexual Assault, Melbourne: s.n. abs, 2016. Australian offender numbers continued to rise. [Online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4519.0/ [Accessed 2016]. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1998. Recorded Crime Australia 1997, Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006. Personal Safety Survey, s.l.: s.n. Australian Institute of Criminology, 2001. Sexual Violence in Australia, s.l.: s.n. Australian Institute of Criminology, 2012. Chapter 4: Selected offender profiles, s.l.: Australian Institute of Criminology. Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2016. Sexual Violence Research, s.l.: s.n. Burton, V. S. et al., 1998. Gender, self control, and crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 35(2), pp. 123-147. CASA Forum, 2016. Fact Sheet: Statistics about sexual assault, s.l.: CASA Forum. Net Industries, 2016. Gender and Crime - Differences Between Male And Female Offending Patterns, s.l.: Law Library.

Unitary Political System of China free essay sample

While NPC is not in session, the Standing Committee of NPC is also in charge of supplementing and amending parts of the laws promulgated by NPC, yet this should not contradict with the basic principles of these laws. The State Council can make administrative regulations according to the constitution and laws. NPC and its Standing Committee have the right to make decisions and authorize the State Council to formulate administrative regulations for matters which should but not yet governed by law, depending on the actual needs. However, this does not include matters concerning crimes, punishments, coercive measures for depriving citizens’ political rights and restricting their personal freedom, the punishment system and the judicial system. The decision on authorization should make clear the purpose and the scope of authorization. The authorized organs should exercise the power in strict accordance with the purpose and the scope of authorization, and shall not transfer the authorized power to other organs. We will write a custom essay sample on Unitary Political System of China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When conditions are mature, after test in the practice, NPC and its Standing Committee should make a law in time. When the law is made, the authorization for the corresponding legislative matters comes to its end. The Provincial People’s Congress, as well as its Standing Committee, can formulate local regulations reflecting the specific circumstances and the actual needs within their administrative areas, on the precondition that these local regulations do not contradict to the Constitution, the laws and the administrative regulations. In larger cities, the People’s Congress and its Standing Committee can formulate local regulations reflecting the city’s specific circumstances and actual needs, on the precondition that these local regulations do not contradict to the Constitution, the laws, the administrative regulations, and the regulations of the local province and autonomous region. These local regulations must be submitted to the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress for approval before they are enforced. The Standing Committee of Provincial People’s Congress must examine these local regulations which are submitted for approval. If they do not contradict to the Constitution, the laws, the administrative regulations, and the regulations of the local province and autonomous region, they should be approved within four months. The larger cities, as called here, refer to capitals of all provinces or autonomous regions, cities where special economic zones are located, and other larger cities designated by the State Council. In ethnic minority areas where autonomy is practiced, the People’s Congress has the right to formulate autonomy statutes and separate regulations according to the characteristics of the local people’s politics, economy and culture. These autonomy statutes and separate regulations must be submitted to the Standing Committee of NPC for approval before they take effect. The autonomy statutes and separate regulations of autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties must be submitted to the standing committee of the People’s Congress of the local province, autonomous region or municipality for approval before they take effect. The autonomy statutes and separate regulations can make changes to some provisions of laws and administrative regulations according to local characteristics. However, the changes must not go against the basic principles of laws or administrative regulations, nor make any changes to the Constitution, the laws on national regional autonomy, as well as specific provisions concerning autonomy in other relevant laws and administrative regulations.